Complex banking system perfectly explained in less than 3 minutes

I have never seen a video that it explains the banking system we have versus an ethical central banking system better than this:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0gb83Y-YGs&feature=youtu.be 

The governments use inflation as an indirect tax to systematically devalue the currency and by doing so get rid of the national debt, which is mathematically and objectively impossible.

The growth of taxes and debts is due to the system. Money is exclusively created out of thin air and put into existence because banks give credit. If all debt would be paid off there would be no money around any more. Although monetary base and debt are growing at the same pace the debt is a heavier burden because of compounded interest charged on top of it.

banking system with interest payments

By the way the non-existence of interest in the Arab banking system is the reason why their banking system is not in crisis and never needed tax financed bailouts.

There is nothing to say against a FIAT currency system, under the condition that it is backed by physical gold and Government controlled and not by the banking cartel / Federal Reserve System.

As long as this is not given, establish your private Gold Standard in order to protect yourself from having to pay the price for your own monetary enslavement to the private banking sector/banking system.

Enjoy your gold and silver, prosper and profit from it!

Can I Buy PAMP Suisse Gold Bars Lightweight?

Prospective buyers who want to buy Pamp Suisse gold bars have some amazing options to choose from.

Some of the common Pamp Suisse bars are lightweight and these are popular with many people.

The fact that they are small, portable, and elegant in appearance seems to endear them to several buyers. These gold bars cost a few hundred dollars to several hundreds of dollars in many gold dealers’ shops.

The light weight gold bars are suitable for consumers who desire to purchase convenient Pamp Suisse products for ornamental purposes or just to collect them as souvenirs. These bars are not only beautiful but also priceless. Regardless of the purpose, the quality of the products is remarkable and the buyer has assurance of investing in valuable products.

Individuals can buy Pamp Suisse gold bars some of the universal acclaimed products which easily affirm their inherent value all over the world. Some of the most highly sought after lightweight Pamp Suisse products are highlighted below.

1 Oz Gold Bars

1 Oz Pamp Suisse gold bars are made of highly refined gold which is approximately 31 grams in weight. These gold bars are very popular with domestic consumers buy Pamp Suisse gold bars because they seem to appeal to the tastes of the majority who prefer elegant and stylish gold bars which can be used as collectibles. The good thing about them is that they are not only quite affordable but they can also be carried around or be stored without fear of losing them. These bars have an aesthetic quality that can literally stand the test of time. 1 Oz bars are also ideal for those who want gold products that suit a small budget of a few hundred dollars. Just like all Pamp products, these types of bars are usually standardized for both quality and gold bar weights as evidenced by the certificates and the 999.9 distinct level of purity embossed boldly on them.

10 Gram Gold Bar

Individuals who buy Pamp Suisse gold bars of high quality can get satisfaction from this gold bar. This is evidenced in the rigorous tests that assayers perform on each bar before awarding certification for quality. The bar is normally embossed with a certificate to show that they have passed the test of quality. Prospective buyers will also find this gold bar attractive as collectors’ items and for domestic use. The casing perfectly matches the gold bar and adds to its aesthetic appeal. This priceless commodity undoubtedly maintains its charm and fineness and its value can stand the test of time. One can get the at approximate retail price of $ 530.

100 gram Bars

You can also buy Pamp Suisse gold bars in 100 grams weights. These bars harmonize in charm, beauty, and quality with other lightweight gold bars. Individuals who buy them at spot gold prices can be assured of getting them at reasonable rates. These bars are ideal for both collectors and individuals with commercial motives. They can be used for decorations or bought as investment. The fact that their value has been rising makes it a good investment. The 100 gram gold bars weigh approximately 3.2 gold ounces each. The bars have attractive finishing which enhances their beauty and appeal. Just like the other products, the 100 grams bars are embossed with standard mark of quality right at the refinery. The certification, level of purity, and serial number are clearly embossed on the face of the gold bars. Although, they seem less popular than smaller gold bars, they still command a considerable number of interested buyers.

FIAT currencies in a bubble

Let me show you today, how and when the past Shadow Gold Prices became reality:

Focus on the Coverage Ratio!

monetary base

 

gold holdings coverage ratio

As you can easily see, there is something more to it than just its name….”shadow gold price”. Also – by using the shadow gold price – you can see whether or not gold is in a “bubble”. Any time the Coverage Ratio is exceeding 100 % like in 1980, only once then, gold was in a bubble. With a Coverage Ratio of 16% we are far away from that. To the contrary: FIAT currencies are in a huge bubble, which is going to burst, that is for sure.

But why aren’t people preparing better? The main reasons are fear and ignorance. People are scared to admit reality to themselves and think the government will protect them forever. They would rather stick their heads in the sand like ostriches and ignore the inevitable.

Don’t be like them.
Don’t become a statistic.

Go and get some precious metals, as long as you can still do so! Here is my trusted source especially for silver, but also for all other precious metals such as gold, silver, palladium, platinum.

Become wealthy or even more wealthier during the collapse of the economic system by accumulating gold and silver at least until the coverage ratio will break even with a 100.

Enjoy, profit and prosper from your silver and gold!

With fiat currency to intrinsic assets

If everybody were aware of intrinsic assets, then:

the velocity of money circulation would rise rapidly because of its rejection;

a run on property and tangibles would initiate;

a dramatically rising inflation would start;

the stock markets would crash;

entire sectors within the banking system, financial services, and investment-related sectors would implode;

so that a monetary reform will be inevitable.

The ‘Elite’ behind Wall Street and the Fed have been buying property, industries, commodities, and tangibles with the decreasing dollar.

From intrinsic assets to monopolies

The sectors of diamonds, gold, copper, zinc, uranium, telecommunication, media, food, and arms are controlled by the Wall Street cartel.

The banks are not really after the money, as we can see, because they can just produce or print the money themselves. For the bank, it is a means of power in order to acquire goods and services. Socialism and our version of capitalism are like two sides of the same coin.

 

From intrinsic assets to monetary reform

If we interpret everything in “From intrinsic assets to monetary reform” correctly, then the plan consists of increasing the monetary base as long as possible and, while doing so, creating as many monopolies as they can.

From monetary reform to global currency:

The governments use inflation as an indirect tax to systematically devalue the currency and, by doing so, get rid of the national debt.

Paying off the national debt is impossible. The growth of taxes and debts is due to the system. Money is exclusively created out of thin air and put into existence because banks give credit. If all debt would be paid off, then there would be no more money around any more. Although monetary base and debt are growing at the same pace, the debt is a heavier burden because of compounded interest charged on top of it.

Normally economic growth generates wealth. This wealth only flows where it belongs, such as to the ones who worked for it. If growth is higher than the interest rate because primarily the creditors are paid first, the surplus then becomes available funds.

Apart from the inherent unfairness involved, there is also a mathematical systematic error:

The economy may grow for a while, but to grow consistently is absolutely impossible. On the other hand, compound interest for the interest payments builds up. Maybe that is why the bank(st)ers have chosen a long-term interest rate of 5% so that a crash reoccurs only every 70 to 80 years – too long for a lifetime to remember the lessons from the past.

The Kondratieff Cycle states that the economy cannot grow faster than exponentially growing interest payments.

But the main objective of the elite establishment is to create a global currency mostly controlled by the Fed. And why not create 9/11 in our monetary system in order to have the justification to do so? Nothing in the world can grow infinitely. Even a cancer can only survive until the body dies. Economic growth is like the body trying to grow faster than the cancer in order to keep it small percentage-wise versus the body.

Even John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) as one of the most important protagonists of our financial system had to admit exactly that. He did not want to cope with it. His answer was, “In the long run we are all dead.”

The consequence of this is the regular destruction of all wealth every 70 years. Another war – whether economic, financial, or military – will be inevitable in order to conserve the financial economic system we live in today.

To prepare yourself get some silver and gold bullion as your intrinsic assets. With it you can go shopping, when there is blood in the streets and make bargains. Tap into the biggest transfer of wealth, mankind has ever seen and get your intrinsic assets. 

Buying the PAMP Suisse Gold Bars

This should not be a difficult process where you have to travel to the source of the gold bars. With advances in technology, it is now easier to buy these pieces online and save on cost and energy. Buying through the internet ensures that one is not getting a raw deal. Within 5 or 10 days, one is able to have their Pamp Suisse Gold Bar.

The first thing that one needs to do is find the right place to buy them online. Buying the Pamp Suisse gold bars is a great investment and one is able to buy them more cheaply as they are purchased in bulk.

Over the internet, one will find the Pamp Suisse Gold Bars and other types of gold bars. In addition, it is good to store them in secure locations other than leaving just anywhere.

Be aggressive as you buy them to ensure that you are really getting the value for your money. In the internet, one finds various sites that will offer a sale list of the Pamp Suisse gold bars among other products like the gold coins.

In these online stores, one is able to find all sizes of the Pamp Suisse gold bars. Purchasing the 1oz helps to save on the retail cost. The 999 fine one is the greatest way to save on the high market prices charged by the dealers nationally.

The internet also provides search engines for one to use to locate the gold bar they want to purchase. Pictures of the gold bars and costs make it easier as one chooses.

Some of the online sites offer to ship free for the 1 kilo bars. The minimum purchase that one can make of the one oz pamp Suisse bar is 20 pieces.

Some of the companies that you find online will track your gold free too, days after they receive your wire transfer. They also offer updates on the online purchase of the sale palladium prices of the 10 oz.

Always consider the competitive market price as you make your purchases. Keep in mind the cost of storing these gold bars especially if you are buying the heavier ones. This includes the 1-kilo bars and the 400 ounces bars.

Those that have made investments in the Gold Bars are enjoying their investment as it just sits there and maintains its value (in opposite to currencies). For those who have not, be warned that …. (read more)

Solutions: A new Gold Standard

Certainly a new gold standard would not be that easy to manipulate. But for this, most of the gold is in the same private hands who control the Fed.

The next monetary reform will be a unique chance to unmask the criminals, to create a really independent central banking system. In order to do so, we need to inform the people and spread the message. This is our only chance to avoid monopoly capitalism.

On an individual level:

Self-efficiency, barter trading, barter currencies:

The one who constructs real estate by himself does not pay any taxes. Neither does the one who exchanges property. You only need money in order to make trading and commerce easier. In these terms you could use whatever you want in order to “escape” the system. But unfortunately we are forced by the government to use legal tender only for any trade. The consequence of this, of course, is that the “money mafia” gets bigger and stronger exponentially.

  1.  Stop any employment: To be employed means “direct enslavement” by paying taxes and all sorts of charges. Choose self-employment and become more “independent” by declaring how much you have really earned and avoiding all the costs and taxes normally paid as an employee.
  2.  Only create the minimum necessary money supply in the system.

Run on the banks:

If only every fiftieth dollar, pound, or euro in circulation gets withdrawn from the fractional banking system, the power of the banks will implode and be erased. Up until now, politicians and bankers have succeeded in avoiding exactly that. If every one of us only withdraws € 2,000, this would represent a loss for the banks of € 100,000, which is quite significant for the banks on a broader scale.

The current monetary system has been well established for about three hundred years now. The masses are now accustomed to it. In fact, they have all been royally hoodwinked and have had a good old time along the way! We simply need to scrutinize and analyze to gain a new perspective on what is really happening throughout the world. So we now know that all the money in circulation has been borrowed at this point. Money borrowed, whether by a government, business, or private party, is in every case not backed by… anything! It is not, in fact, deducted from other cash or hard-asset deposits that pre-existed in the bank’s vaults, as so many people seem to think.

When the central banks or reserves lend, no depositor’s account is ever debited! Thus all borrowed currency/money is in fact fiat or counterfeit currency… money that did not preexist. The practice of lending and fraudulently claiming that it is backed by some form of real asset is an outright swindle and lie, yet it has become the accepted norm. And this has been going on for over three hundred years, so why ask questions now?

However, what is borrowed today must be repaid tomorrow. So when the masses experience payback in the form of coerced taxes, they are actually repaying money that never existed in the first place. What an incredible joke on them!

It therefore stands to reason that the overall indebtedness of the economy to lending institutions sky-rockets upwards each successive year. The economy is thus perpetually indebted to the international money hucksters. An individual only borrows money when they are short of enough to execute their goal. That represents spending power.

When the entire economy is borrowing, it is short of money and spending power, i.e., there is a huge shortage of “money created out of thin air”. And what is worse, there is a vast surplus of debt. In fact, even if all the debt were paid off by governments everywhere, there would still be a massive amount of debt remaining, so long as the existing system remains in place and no money is left. It is a severely dysfunctional mechanism. Thus the entire economy becomes an artifice, a myth, an actual creation of the international central bank(st)ers. Scarcity of money has been intentionally caused by the bank(st)ers, and the creation of perpetual and continual debt consequently distorts trade into being inherently unfair and twisted.

After all, the cost of debt repayment must be pre-built into everything the economy produces. Debt-driven growth (artificial growth) is not driven by human need but by debt money, thus becoming entirely artificial and a complete falsehood.

Continuing insolvency creates situations such as in poor countries that have been helped by the IMF or World Bank, where their currency and citizens have to come up with huge interest payments to service their gigantic and ever-increasing compounding debts.

Servicing the debt to these thug creditors, the international cartel and cabal, is an expensive proposition. Israel, for example, spends 65% of its export revenues on repayments to the cabal, and Brazil spends about 100%!

The cruelty and injustice of this debt system, the resulting economic malaise, and the self-inflicted mythical financial psychotic dementia are absolutely incredible. The debt trap these nations fall into is a hoax. They work even harder to become ever poorer.

Mass starvation and continuing poverty are the results of legalized global fraud and counterfeit currency. The psychology of this ruthless endeavor completely recreates man the animal.

Are people fundamentally depraved, or are just a few incredibly evil men influencing the rest of us to become evil?

The average person in the world is more concerned about making a living and surviving than engaging in silly conflicts or building weaponry exclusively to destroy others. Economic hardship changes that equation and changes man’s behaviour inevitably.

Corruption, crime, wars, and atrocities become the norm… where man is limited by artificial means and psychologically feels that there is some sort of inequity, yet he does not comprehend where it occurs or what exactly is happening.

The international conditioning of debt-based fantasy money, Disney Currency as we prefer to call it, must stop. We must put an end to it immediately. The upcoming generation already considers crisis and monopoly money as “normal” because they don’t know any different; they don’t know how the monetary system is supposed to be.

The artificial creation of poverty and misery and the false limits to species are all due solely to these financial thugs. It is time to stand up to them and end this long-lived conspiracy of these hardened criminals.

The wonderful thing is that both people and nations can change all that we have identified within a relatively short period of time.

We need to open our eyes to this financial manipulation and their monopoly on virtually everything that exists by virtue of the financial controls I have described. The solution is so simple, but the will to do it must come from the masses. According to the saying, “The masses are asses.” The question then remains, “Will we be able to make it clear enough for them to comprehend?” It is up to you and me to educate them and up to them to educate themselves.

It will be sufficient to have a critical mass of people, let’s say 20% of the population, to get focused and lined up. Nothing and no government will be able to stop that movement as soon as they become focused.

What you can and should do on an individual level right away is to convert fiat currency into small units of physical gold and silver coins and/or bars. This is not a “may have” kind of investment but a “MUST HAVE” part of your survival kit for the decades to come. Your own gold standard will conserve your liberty and wealth or what is left of both.

In order to put yourself on gold standard read this first.

Can Hyperinflation happen again?

Let’s take a look at year country inflation in (%) per month in hyperinflation-scenarios from the past:

1919 Sovjetrussia  < 32,400 %
early 1920ies Weimarer Republic < 32,400 % factor 4 weekly

hyperinflation

1921-1923 Austria 1 Schilling equals 10,000 Kronas factor 3 daily
1921-1924 Hungary < 41.9 trillion %
1921-1924 Poland < 8.5 trillion %
1943-1944 Greece < 8.5 trillion %
1949-1950 China
1988 Bolivia
1989 Nicaragua
1989-1990 Poland
1989-1990 Brasil
1989-1990 Argentine
1990  Peru
1990  Bosnia Herzegowina + Jugoslavia
1990-1994 Zaire
1992 Russia
1992-1994 Georgia
1996-1997 Georgia
2006-2009 Angola
2006-2009 Zimbabwe >1000 trillion %

…each time fortunes, savings, all purchasing power was wiped out. All this, just because central banks had printed too much money and population lost trust into that paper.

These hyperinflations have one pattern in common. Every 70 – 80 years they reoccur. Analogue to that take a look at UK’s first bankruptcy in 1799. 70 years later, in 1869 there was the Bankruptcy Act, further 70 years later, in 1939 we had World War II, and what did we have in 2009 and what are we still into? CRISIS. They can only do the bankruptcy 3 times so hence we have now arrived at the end game. We are in unchartered waters now, how they will proceed. 2009 was the year of Bankruptcy and that is why they crashed the system. Otherwise we were out of debt and their control would be ended.

And getting even closer to the answer of that question, take a look on these figures:

The market value of all derivatives (financial betting, futures, options) is 582.655 trillion USD (84.443 USD per capita)
The market value of all bonds worldwide is 92.082 trillion USD (13.354 USD per capita)
The shareholder market capitalisation (worldwide) is 56.050 trillion USD (8,123 USD per capita)

The entire Gold worldwide is 168.3 metric tons, which represents 8.435 trillion USD (1,222 USD per capita)

gold

The entire Silver worldwide equals 35 trillion USD or 5 USD per capita.

Bear in mind that, as far as the precious metals sector is concerned, the derivative sector and the underlying physical sector are disconnecting right now.
There have been cases, where Investment Banks operating in the derivative market were sentenced guilty because they could not deliver e.g. the silver that was supposed to be stored. It was all on “paper” and “computer screens”. And these Investment Banks by the way are the ones who keep the gold and silver prices artificially “low” by shortening the market.

The only one reason why the “world’s reserve currency” is still in place is the ability of the U.S. government to “enforce” the dollar for decades because of its enormous and superior military. But for how long can the US continue to threaten other countries by force and make them continue buying U.S. treasuries? Because if they stopped buying the US debt, the dollar would collapse and we won’t have the resources to fund the US military. The world resents the U.S. for maintaining its 700 military bases in 130 countries. China and Japan would be much better off using the money they spend on U.S. treasuries to expand the size of their own militaries. When the dollar collapses due to hyperinflation, no longer will the U.S. be the world’s superpower due to its military. China’s military will eventually exceed the size of the USA. The current military empire where the U.S. spend just about the same on defence as the rest of the world combined is unsustainable and over the long-term this wasteful spending is making the U.S. a lot less safe as a result. Having a safe and stable currency is the most important fundamental building block of having a safe and stable country.

hyperinflation

Conclusion: Yes, hyperinflation can and will unfortunately and certainly happen here. So the question is not IF, but WHEN? But first we will see massive deflation, and what might be irritating right now, is that we have high inflation on the one hand in some sectors and deflation in other sectors. Deflation will become much, much stronger before it swings to the opposite extreme: Hyperinflation …then it will be too late to buy silver and gold, so why not prepare for it now?

Avoid to suffer from hyperinflation for yourself and your loved ones.

 

Federal Reserve Act: Transition from national money to private money

The essential shift happened in 1913. With the Federal Reserve Act, the door was open for private money. Ever since that time, the Fed has owned the power over the monetary system we live in today. Although according to the Constitution of the United States, only gold and silver were supposed to be lawful money, a cartel of private bankers dominated by the Rothschilds and Rockefellers had created a privately controlled central bank with the right to print money – initially guaranteed by the U.S. Government. After World War I, the Federal Reserve Bank bought all gold reserves from other nations, which resulted in deflation and the first global economic crises because many countries could not maintain their gold standard.

By the end of World War II, Bretton Woods reintroduced the “Gold-Dollar-Standard” in 1944. During the war, the USA made other nations pay for the arms they bought with gold. By doing so, the USA accumulated more than 30,000 tons of gold, which represented more than the rest of the world possessed put together! This gold served as backup for the dollar. Most of the dollars were a reserve asset of other central banks, and that is how and where the dollar dominance throughout the world started. And all commodities had to be paid in dollars.

In 1971 President Nixon cancelled the gold standard. Ever since, the dollar has been backed by nothing, issued and controlled by a private bank. And now no legal tender around the world has any link to any gold reserve at all!

By the statutes of the International Monetary Fund it is even forbidden for any member country with a central bank to back up their currency with gold. That is why Switzerland had to sell off their gold reserves from 40% down to 20%.

This system requires a lot of trust in printed paper notes and a limitation of the total volume in circulation in order to sustain trust in it. The problem is that during the past 30 years the volume of goods only quadrupled, but the money supply multiplied 10 times as much as the volume of goods.

Most dictatorships of the underdeveloped countries and the private Federal Reserve System prefer a free quantity currency, which is a currency in which the abuse by the policy owner or by the private central bank is not limited by law. Quantity currency has always allowed for the ability to abuse the currency, which has never worked long term.

A private central bank that prints the money is more dangerous to the freedom of the people than a standing army” (Thomas Jefferson, 3rd president of the USA 1801-1809).

The private “monopoly” Federal Reserve Dollar dominates the world’s money supply already. More than 75% of the global monetary base is in dollars.

Corporate America has even forced the commodities markets to only trade their products in dollars. Anyone who attempts to trade their oil in Euros, for example, is called a terrorist (Saddam Hussein).

The currencies of the “satellite countries” are backed by the dollar, and its value is getting more and more devaluated. All are on board the same fiat-currency Titanic, including the creator of this fiat-currency-backed monetary base and the followers within the central banks of countries around the world. With this set-up, the United States can determine for themselves which country they will rob and betray “legally” with their privately controlled legal tender.

However there is hope. The first states, such as Utah, are introducing silver and gold coins as parallel “legal tender/currency”. See House Bill 317.

With FIAT currencies to intrinsic assets

If everybody were aware of intrinsic assets, then:

  • the velocity of money circulation would rise rapidly because of its rejection;
  • a run on property and tangibles would initiate;
  • a dramatically rising inflation would start;
  • the stock markets would crash;
  • entire sectors within the banking system, financial services, and investment-related sectors would implode;
  • so that a monetary reform will be inevitable.

The ‘Elite’ behind Wall Street and the Fed have been buying property, industries, commodities, and tangibles with the decreasing dollar.

From intrinsic assets to monopolies

The sectors of diamonds, gold, copper, zinc, uranium, telecommunication, media, food, and arms are controlled by the Wall Street cartel.

The banks are not really after the money, as we can see, because they can just produce or print the money themselves. For the bank, it is a means of power in order to acquire goods and services. Socialism and our version of capitalism are like two sides of the same coin.

From intrinsic assets to monetary reform

If we interpret everything in “From intrinsic assets to monetary reform” correctly, then the plan consists of increasing the monetary base as long as possible and, while doing so, creating as many monopolies as they can.

From monetary reform to global currency:

The governments use inflation as an indirect tax to systematically devalue the currency and, by doing so, get rid of the national debt.

Paying off the national debt is impossible. The growth of taxes and debts is due to the system. Money is exclusively created out of thin air and put into existence because banks give credit. If all debt would be paid off, then there would be no more money around any more. Although monetary base and debt are growing at the same pace, the debt is a heavier burden because of compounded interest charged on top of it.

Normally economic growth generates wealth. This wealth only flows where it belongs, such as to the ones who worked for it. If growth is higher than the interest rate because primarily the creditors are paid first, the surplus then becomes available funds.

Apart from the inherent unfairness involved, there is also a mathematical systematic error:

The economy may grow for a while, but to grow consistently is absolutely impossible. On the other hand, compound interest for the interest payments builds up. Maybe that is why the bank(st)ers have chosen a long-term interest rate of 5% so that a crash reoccurs only every 70 to 80 years – too long for a lifetime to remember the lessons from the past.

The Kondratieff Cycle states that the economy cannot grow faster than exponentially growing interest payments.

But the main objective of the elite establishment is to create a global currency mostly controlled by the Fed. And why not create 9/11 in our monetary system in order to have the justification to do so? Nothing in the world can grow infinitely. Even a cancer can only survive until the body dies. Economic growth is like the body trying to grow faster than the cancer in order to keep it small percentage-wise versus the body.

Even John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) as one of the most important protagonists of our financial system had to admit exactly that. He did not want to cope with it. His answer was, “In the long run we are all dead.

The consequence of this is the regular destruction of all wealth every 70 years. Another war – whether economic, financial, or military – will be inevitable in order to conserve the financial economic system we live in today.

To prepare yourself get some silver and gold bullion as your intrinsic assets. With it you can go shopping, when there is blood in the streets and make bargains. Tap into the biggest transfer of wealth, mankind has ever seen and get your intrinsic assets.

From intrinsic assets to monetary reform

If we interpret everything correctly, then the plan for monetary reform consists of increasing the monetary base as long as possible and, while doing so, creating as many monopolies as they can.

Get some silver and/or gold as long as you still can….- before there will be a monetary reform.

 

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